PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Of the eight study-wide independent signals associated with liver fat, three (rs58542926 in TM6SF2 rs429358 in APOE; and rs738409 in PNPLA3) have previously been associated with NAFLD (Kozlitina et al., 2014; Romeo et al., 2008; Speliotes et al., 2011), and were also reported in a GWAS of liver fat in a subset of this cohort (Parisinos et al., 2020).