ARHGAP31 and infection: After P. viticola inoculation, Figueiredo et al. (2015) observed an up-regulation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis-related genes (LOXO, AOS, AOC, and OPR3) at 6 and 12 hpi (hours post-infection), and an up-regulation of genes involved in the jasmonic acid activation and signaling (JAR1 and COI1, respectively) at 18 and 24 hpi.