Based on our gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results, differential expression of several genes including PELI2, RPS6KA2, S100B, c-Jun, AKT3, and SPP1, may contribute to the aberrant signal transduction of TLRs upon TRIF/MyD88- mediated induction signaling in chemo-resistance AML group (Fig. 8). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and acute myeloid leukemia.