GNLY and viral infectious disease: Enhanced expression of GNLY in CD8+ T cells has been reported in humans vaccinated with a live attenuated shingles vaccine and in antigen-specific T cells in humans vaccinated with yellow fever vaccination [53,54] It will be of interest to further evaluate clonal expansion of these subsets to more specifically characterize key CD8+ T effector cell subsets that potently recognize the p27 antigen.