PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Nevertheless, in Drosophila, very complex PD-like phenotypes and behaviors can be induced by mutations, e.g. in Pink1, including reduced life expectancy (Poddighe et al., 2013), decreasing motor skills (Park et al., 2006), sleep fragmentation (Valadas et al., 2018), olfactory dysfunctions (Poddighe et al., 2013), cognitive impairments (Julienne et al., 2017) and DA cell loss (Wang et al., 2006).