We measured significantly higher levels of anti-CS IgM autoantibodies in anti-dsDNA IgM-positive SLE serum samples; besides, anti-CS IgM and anti-dsDNA IgM levels also showed correlation, supporting that these IgM autoantibodies are part of the natural immune repertoire in SLE patients [22]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and systemic lupus erythematosus.