When KIM-1 and MCP-1 expression was compared between leptospirosis-confirmed and leptospirosis-unconfirmed groups, serum and urine KIM-1 levels were found to be elevated among both leptospirosis-confirmed AKI and non-AKI patients compared to the leptospirosis-unconfirmed patient population. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is acute kidney injury.