The mechanism by which metformin treats these autoimmune diseases is multifaceted, involving the reconstitution of immune system homeostasis, regulation of 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways and improving gut microbe metabolism (Ursini et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and autoimmune disease.