PARP1 and heart failure: Additionally, evidence showed that PARP1 overexpression can bring about damage to cardiac structure and cardiac function during the progression of heart failure (Pillai et al., 2005), whereas PARP1 inhibition can prevent cardiac remodeling (Pillai et al., 2006), apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation (Gilad et al., 1997; Wayman et al., 2001; Jagtap and Szabo, 2005; Wang et al., 2013, Wang H. et al., 2018).