TNF and neoplasm: Studies in tumor-bearing mice have shown that extremely low doses of these nanoparticles (iso1-HSA/Au/TNF and iso1-HSA/Au/IL12) can deliver pharmacologically active doses of cytokines to murine tumors, with no evidence of toxicity, whereas nanoparticles lacking isoDGR were inactive, in line with the hypothesis that isoDGR could indeed contribute to cytokine delivery through an “active” targeting mechanism.