Furthermore, we observed that ALA-driven cell migration and invasion were significantly reversed by HO-1 inhibitor in BC cells (Figure 7G), while ALA-induced NRF2 downstream targets as well as metastasis-associated genes levels were markedly inhibited by HO-1 inhibition (Figures 7H, I and Supplementary Figure S2B), suggesting HO-1 inhibition can directly antagonize NRF2-driven BC metastasis in vitro. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and breast cancer.