DPP4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), such as saxagliptin (Sax) and sitagliptin (Sit), are currently recommended by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) as first-line hypoglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).