demonstrated in a study of 585 men undergoing active surveillance that biopsy CCP score is an independent predictor of prostate-cancer specific mortality (HR per score unit 1.76, 95%CI 1.44–2.14, P < 0.001) after adjusting for Gleason score, PSA, extent of disease, and clinical stage (15). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.