CXCR3 and neoplasm: Analysis of the effluent using multiplex protein immunoassays revealed that CXCR3 ligands were elevated in metastatic niches on day 15 of culture with actively growing populations of MDA-MB-231 cells (growing and emergent), whereas they remained similar to the tumor-free hepatic niche in those with dormant MDA-MB-231 cells (Figure 1A).