In addition, cancer immunotherapies, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint inhibitors, are being developed as promising alternative strategies for treating patients with advanced NSCLC. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.