The present data verified that (i) Paeoniflorin improved the functional recovery in rat stroke model, (ii) Paeoniflorin repressed microglia activation in rat stroke model, (iii) Paeoniflorin repressed microglial viability and inflammatory cytokines production in vitro, (iv) Paeoniflorin facilitated neurogenesis and vasculogenesis in rat stroke model, (v) Paeoniflorin repressed JNK and NK-κB signaling activation. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and Stroke.