UDG is emerging as a very interesting pharmacologic target for therapeutic intervention due to its important function in regulating various physiological activities, including DNA replication within viruses, and the generation of DNA strand breaks during chemotherapy.13 Many cancers have developed resistance to 5-FU, due to the ability of UDG to continuously repair 5-FU induced DNA damage.104,105 Therefore, the combination of 5-FU with a UDG inhibitor could be a potential strategy to overcome 5-FU resistance and generate effective anticancer effect, including against prostate cancer. The gene discussed is UNG; the disease is cancer.