Given that many carbohydrate antigens such as Tn, T, ST, Lewis, and sialyl Lewis antigens are found not only in tumour cells but in embryonic and normal adult tissues,47 the advantages of targeting glycopeptidic neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy are evident.48,49 From the crystal structures of SN-101 and its complex with a glycopeptidic neoepitope and the results of epitope mapping analysis, we can now understand fully how SN-101 recognises cancer-relevant Tn-glycosylated MUC1 fragments. The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is neoplasm.