Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are derived from CCR2 inflammatory monocytes, and are classified as either pro-inflammatory (M1) anti-cancer cells through the production of IL-1 and tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (116) or anti-inflammatory (M2) cancer-supporting cells through the production of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 (117). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.