In combination with chronic alcohol administration and a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-induced high-fat diet, this new model enables the study of the combined effects of alcohol and a high-fat diet on liver injury, which may contribute to the development of liver fibrosis by enhancing TLR4 signaling (Gäbele et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.