In the aMCI group, higher baseline plasma levels of IL-2, sCD40L, and VEGF were associated with a lower cognitive decline, and in the AD group, higher baseline plasma levels of IFNγ, IL-5, IL-17A, IL-25, FGF, GM-CSF, and VEGF were associated with a more rapid cognitive decline. Here, CSF2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.