Meanwhile, the levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 within the peri-infarct cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus exhibited no statistically significant differences between the two groups at different time points (Figures 2B,F,H), implying that post-stroke VPA treatment only suppresses the up-regulation of glial activation-induced IL-6 in the peri-infarct environment. Here, TNF is linked to stroke disorder.