ALB and coronary artery disorder: Furthermore, a recent study reported that autophagy may be considered as a related mechanism on how a low ALB level induced the onset of cardiovascular events in CAD patients: a reduced serum ALB level was able to induce autophagy; excessive autophagy contributed to the death of pancreatic β-cells leading to impaired glucose tolerance, and it could impair myocardial cells leading to reduced cardiac function; therefore, a low ALB level increased the incidence of cardiovascular events [35].