MEST and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: We previously reported that aberrant methylation at DMRs that regulate the expression of imprinted genes including Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (which expresses IGF2, a potent mitogen), Paternally Expressed Gene 1/Mesoderm-Specific Transcript (PEG1/MEST) and Paternally Expressed Gene 3 (PEG3) were independent predictors of CIN2/3 and ICC in a cross-sectional study of Tanzanian women with CIN and ICC [15, 16].