Pathway analysis on these common, differentially upregulated genes revealed that the CML cells (126 genes) had enriched Rap1 and PI3-Akt signaling pathway, while the IM-persistent cells (154 genes) had enrichment in the central carbon metabolism, histidine metabolism and cell-cell interaction pathways (Fig. 1B). Here, PI3 is linked to chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.