Furthermore, recent studies show that S100A4 is one of the 88 upregulated genes of the pan-neurodegenerative signature obtained from the meta-analysis of human CNS transcriptomic datasets from Alzheimer’s and Lewy body diseases and ALS-frontotemporal dementia patients, suggesting that S100A4 represents a common substrate driving neurodegeneration [38, 39]. Here, S100A4 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.