INS and esophageal varices: Table 2 shows that insulin users associated with higher risks of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.05–1.34]), decompensated cirrhosis (aHR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.35–1.72]), esophageal varices with bleeding (aHR [95% CI]: 1.81 [1.16–2.83]), hepatic ascites (aHR [95% CI]: 1.68 [1.45–1.95]), hepatic encephalopathy (aHR [95% CI]: 1.63 [1.39–1.91]), and hepatic failure (aHR [95% CI]: 1.26 [1.42–1.86]) than nonusers; however, insulin users showed no significant difference in the risk of jaundice (aHR [95% CI]: 0.90 [0.63–1.29]).