Taken together with the results of our immunohistochemical studies, which shows that around 70% of DKK1/FOXM1 double positive ESCC tumors are negative for β-catenin in the same tumor lesions, these results suggest that FOXM1 mainly controls DKK1 expression in ESCC. The gene discussed is FOXM1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.