INS and atherosclerosis: For example, variants in PC have been associated with proinsulin levels, urate levels and waist-to-hip ratio36,37, in BTG4 with waist-to-hip ratio and IL-4 (pro-inflammatory on vascular endothelium and may play a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis)26,37, and in PADI1 with dietary patterns38.