To conclude, roxadustat is a promising drug for the treatment of CKD-induced anemia; and it may have several advantages over traditional ESAs: 1 it is orally active and is more effective in NDD-CKD and PD patients; 2it suppresses hepcidin production more effectively; and 3 it may result in increased efficacy of oral iron therapy and reduce the requirement of IV iron [29]. Here, HAMP is linked to anemia (phenotype).