LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: With respect to LRRK2, recent studies have reported abnormal nuclear shape and disorganized nuclear envelope structure in neural precursor cells and hippocampal neurons of PD patients carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation (Liu et al., 2012; Shani et al., 2019) and in DA neurons of transgenic mice expressing the LRRK2 R1441C mutation (Tsika et al., 2014).