According to the analysis of PCR, Western blotting and IHC, resveratrol could suppress the expression of TLR4 and HIF‐1α, while their overexpression could reverse the effect of resveratrol in DM rats with thoracic aortic tissue injury, indicating that vascular endothelial injury in DM rats might be associated with the expression inflammatory cytokines regulated by resveratrol. Here, TLR4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.