CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: ,24 Expansion of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue compartments in obesity leads to hypoxia-induced hypersecretion of adipocytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) by adipocytes.25