While VEGFR2 signaling is extremely complex, and more than half a dozen pathways are recognized,19 a possible link between malfunctioning VEGFR2 phosphorylation and CHD comes from the knowledge that Tyr1175 phosphorylation is important in activation of the PLCΥ-ERK1/2 pathway17,18 and that disturbed ERK1/2 signaling contributes to cardiac defects that comprise TOF in vivo.32,33 Future studies are needed to address the exact downstream pathways affected by decreased VEGFR2 Tyr1175 phosphorylation. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and coronary artery disorder.