CHEK2 and breast carcinoma: In contrast to PALB2, the original assessment of CHEK2 as a moderate risk gene has been maintained from its discovery in 2002.5,9–11 Nonetheless, like PALB2, the risk increases when there is a positive family history of breast cancer.11 In the UK, while initially consensus was reached to include both CHEK2 and PALB2 in breast cancer gene panels in the UK,12 mainstreaming of tests to oncologists and other specialties in both breast and ovarian cancer now only includes PALB2 in addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2.13