Aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in the cytoplasm of motor neurons is a common pathological hallmark of most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which has also been found in other major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington’s (HD) diseases1–3. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease.