PDCD1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: A recent study published in Nature by Dominik Pfister et al.1 unveiled a darker side of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy in the context of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC), whereby anti-PD1 treatment paradoxically accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis.