Ang II, as a major component of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which has been reported to mediate age-dependent cardiomyopathy and age-associated vasculopathy;34 accordingly, this regimen could effectively and repeatably trigger vascular/VSMC senescence in vivo and in vitro to mimic vascular aging in hypertension.28,35 NAD is a cofactor of multiple key enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and redox reactions. This evidence concerns the gene REN and Hypertension.