TNF and Behcet disease: Despite some variation across studies, overall, patients with BD seem to consistently demonstrate higher serum concentrations of TNF-α, soluble TNF-receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), IL-1β, IL-4, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) compared to healthy controls [4].