Because low-risk HPV E6/E7 + EBV LMP-1 (6E6 + LMP-1, 6E7 + LMP-1, 11E6 + LMP-1 and 11E7 + LMP-1) induces more mutagenesis than infection with low-risk HPV E6/E7 alone (6E6, 6E7, 11E6 and 11E7), co-infection of low-risk HPV and EBV may therefore induce precancerous lesions that could be more easily transformed if they are subsequently subjected to further mutagenic effects. The gene discussed is PDLIM7; the disease is coinfection.