CCL2 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: 2008). The gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells were significantly reduced by TQ (25–75 μM). TQ also showed an incisory effect on TNF-α mediated of NF-κB activation in placenta-derived cells (PDA) but decreased the transport of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus (Chehl et al. 2009).