APOE and atherosclerosis: When blood flow is partially or completely obstructed by ligation of the common carotid artery or its branches, atherosclerosis occurs in the straight region of the vessel in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice, with contributions from endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, and blood lipids (Chang et al., 2017; Eschert et al., 2009; Nam et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2019).