Establishment of Tim-3 as an exhaustion marker in immune cells of both tumors and infectious diseases makes Tim-3 an attractive target for immunotherapy similar to PD-1 (Huang et al., 2015), CTLA-4 (Stamper et al., 2001), and Siglec-G (Rangachari et al., 2012). Here, HAVCR2 is linked to infectious disease.