IRF5 and COVID-19: Moustaqil et al. (2020) Identified COVID-19 NSP3 and NSP5 protease’s new functions of specifically and selectively cleaving IRF-3, NLRP12 and TAB1. Lévy et al. (2021) reported a case of IFN-α2a therapy in two patients with inborn errors of TLR3 and IRF3 infected with COVID-19. Yin et al. (2020) found that IRF3, IRF5 and NF-κB/p65 are the key transcription factors regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection.