REN and hyperuricemia: From the perspective of pathophysiology, previous studies have revealed that hyperuricemia may have detrimental effects on the endothelium and functions of platelets (32), induce oxidative stress and activate the local renin–angiotensin system in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (33), lead to attenuated nitric oxide bioavailability, and promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (32, 34, 35).