One of the most valuable recent advances in lung cancer research has been the introduction of immunotherapy, in particular the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as those targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), which have greatly advanced the therapeutic approach to lung cancer (Herbst et al., 2016). Here, CD274 is linked to lung carcinoma.