ITGB5 and neoplasm: In order to further clarify whether ITGB5 is a proto-oncogene and whether TIMP1 and TMEM176B are tumor suppressor genes, we used dCas9-KRAB-mediated CRISPRi technology (Figure 2A) to knock down the expression of ITGB5 (Figure 2B), and used dCas9-VPR-mediated CRISPRa technology (Figure 2A) to activate TIMP1 and TMEM176B expression (Figure 2B).