KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: Concerning prostate cancer (PCa), only few studies have explored ctDNA as a potential biomarker in localized disease to distinguish PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (19), to provide prognostic information in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (20), or to follow-up patients with PCa (21).