Concerning prostate cancer (PCa), only few studies have explored ctDNA as a potential biomarker in localized disease to distinguish PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (19), to provide prognostic information in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (20), or to follow-up patients with PCa (21). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.