TGFB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Furthermore, our previous studies revealed that As2O3 could induce RA FLS apoptosis through NF-κB signaling pathway (Mei et al., 2011), inhibiting angiogenesis via modulating TSP-1-TGF-β-CTGF-VEGF functional module (Zhang et al., 2017) and rescuing the defective VDR-PPARγ functional module of autophagy (Wang et al., 2019).