Thus, consistent with Tgfβ3 expression in rodent tissue (Fig. S8a), TGFβ3 expression is greatly enhanced under conditions of obesity in visceral fat, suggesting that human TGFβ3 may display a similar time-of-day role in the proliferation of adipose tissue under lean conditions. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.