HNF1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Penetrance estimates for diabetes in HNF1A-MODY from our two datasets (81% in AMP-T2D-GENES, 95% CI 48.2–97.7% and 40% in UKB, 95% CI 5.27–85.3% diagnosed with diabetes by 56 years) were lower than what has previously been reported in the literature (e.g., 97%, 95% CI 96–98% by 50 years32) (Supplementary Data 5).