Focusing on the MODY genes most commonly offered in commercial panels available in the United States (HNF1A, GCK, HNF4A, HNF1B, and PDX1)29, 86.4%, 95% CI 65.1–97.1%, of carriers of clinically significant variants had evidence of prediabetes or diabetes in AMP-T2D-GENES and  81.2%, 95% CI 54.4–96.0%, in UKB (Supplementary Data 5, Supplementary Fig. 2). Here, PDX1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.